Articles

Protein kinases are at the core of cellular communication, and they essentially control cell survival, metabolism, immune activation, and proliferation, among other things, through reversible phosphorylation. The dysregulation of kinase signaling has been identified as a key driver at the molecular level of cancer, autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammations, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious pathogenesis.

Nontreatment-seeking individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) have been found to exhibit decision-making on laboratory tasks that is risky but also sensitive to monetary incentive, relative to controls. Objective: The purpose of this study was to replicate these findings in treatment-seeking individuals and explore their relationships with voucher-based treatment outcome and striatal dopamine (DA) release.

Autism spectrum disorder is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide. Given the heterogeneity of autism, it is highly unlikely to have a single effective therapy for autism. Adversities associated with current pharma-therapies in treating autism have prompted the emergence of alternative therapies including variety of behavioral and music interventions. Autistic children, who tend to show a strong preference for music, makes music therapy a promising intervention for autism. 

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a significant global health burden due to its association with kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity, and premature mortality. Despite incremental advancements in nephrology, technological innovation has progressed more slowly than in other clinical fields. 

Exercise is increasingly being recognized as an important part of cancer treatment, as it has been shown to alleviate treatment- and disease-related side effects and improve quality of life of patients with cancer. Furthermore, exercise has been linked to a reduced risk of cancer recurrence, particularly in cases of breast and colorectal cancer. In recent years, the question has come to the forefront: “How?” does exercise influences cancer survival, and with it the interest in the underlying physiological mechanisms. 

Despite major advances in molecular oncology and cancer therapeutics, early detection remains a critical limitation for many malignancies. Current screening approaches rely largely on anatomical or morphological changes, highlighting a persistent gap between modern biological understanding of cancer and its clinical application. This article examines the evolution of cancer biology and explores why these advances have not yet translated into effective early detection strategies.

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC) is a rare and clinically aggressive subtype of cervical cancer associated with a poor prognosis. To investigate its underlying pathological mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets, researchers have increasingly employed single-omics or multi-omics integrated analysis, including single-cell transcriptome sequencing, proteomics, whole-exome sequencing, and genomics.

Molds are ubiquitous, they grow optimally under high humidity, inadequate ventilation, and poor lighting, especially indoors. Components of molds (i.e., β-glucans from the cell wall of spores and hyphal fragments) and toxic metabolites they produce (e.g., mycotoxins and microbial volatile organic compounds, mVOCs) are known to cause adverse health effects in humans. Indoors, components of molds easily reach unsafe levels.

We are living in what future historians will call the invisible century of toxic exposures—an era in which the most dangerous poisons are no longer the ones we can see, smell, or even detect with routine diagnostics. Instead, they emerge silently from synthetic chemistry labs, global supply chains, industrial waste streams, micro-environments, household products, online marketplaces, and, increasingly, from the hands of those who synthesize psychoactive compounds faster than regulators can name them. 

The term “non-toxic” is widely used in consumer product labeling despite the absence of a formal scientific or regulatory definition. Contemporary toxicology recognizes that adverse biological effects depend on dose, duration of exposure, route of entry, genetic variability, and underlying molecular mechanisms.

Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of preventable death among women. Around 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths were reported in 2022. Most of these cases and deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is an important cause of almost all cervical cancers.

Increasing the test-per-case ratio was recommended to reduce the number of cases and deaths per capita. In particular, due to a synchronous increase in the number of tests alongside the rise in new cases and very high levels of the tests-per-case ratio, the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand was largely controlled before October 2021. After February 2022, an abrupt decline in the tests-to-case ratio led to a record number of cases and deaths at a relatively high vaccination level.

Women and girls continue to experience disproportionate HIV vulnerability across regions marked by deep-rooted gender inequality and economic insecurity. While biomedical advances have expanded prevention options, the structural determinants particularly poverty, economic dependence and limited financial autonomy remain under-addressed drivers of HIV risk.

Cell signaling represents a highly coordinated molecular dialogue that governs cellular behavior and tissue homeostasis. Among its many facets, redox signaling has emerged as a pivotal mechanism, transforming our understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mere metabolic byproducts to essential messengers [1]. Historically associated with oxidative stress and cellular damage, ROS are now recognized as regulators of physiological processes through reversible oxidation of cysteine residues in proteins.

Low-frequency somatic mutations accumulate in normal tissues throughout life and contribute to cancer initiation, yet their detection is limited by the sensitivity of conventional sequencing methods. We describe CarcSeq, an error-corrected, targeted next-generation sequencing platform developed to quantify rare cancer driver mutations (CDMs) at variant allele frequencies as low as ~10^-4. CarcSeq integrates high-fidelity amplification, unique molecular identifiers, and single-strand consensus sequencing to accurately measure mutant frequency (MF) across a curated panel of sequences encompassing recurrent oncogene and tumor suppressor hotspots.

Breast cancer remains a heterogeneous disease in which prognostic stratification, particularly within estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subtypes, remains clinically challenging. While genomic and transcriptomic profiling have advanced risk classification, protein-level regulation and subcellular localization are rarely incorporated into prognostic frameworks. NEDD8 ultimate buster 1 (NUB1) is a proteostasis-associated protein involved in degradation of ubiquitin-like modifiers and regulation of cell-cycle progression.

Vitreoretinal surgery involves the removal of the natural vitreous, which is essential for retinal adhesion, intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis, and optical transparency. Clinically utilized tamponades, including expansile gases, silicone oil (SO), and semi-fluorinated alkanes, necessitate face-down positioning.

Background: The aim of this study was to consider organism patterns and antimicrobial sensitivity over a 16-year period using brain-heart infusion broth, from a district general hospital in the south-west of the UK.

Purpose: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is an effective treatment for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) but may be associated with postoperative increases in intraocular pressure (IOP), particularly in high-risk patients. This study evaluated the incidence of IOP elevation following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, the management strategies used, and clinical outcomes at a tertiary eye hospital in Nigeria.

The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of edible plants commonly used in Indian households, but also medicinally acclaimed for various eye problems. Plants are a rich source of phytochemicals that, through various mechanisms fights against infections and diseases, thereby providing health benefits.